21. Refreshing DRAM typically must occur every ________.
(a) 2 s
(b) 2 ms
(c) 8 s
(d) 8 ms
22. What is the principal advantage of using address multiplexing with DRAM memory?
(a) reduced memory access time
(b) reduced requirement for constant refreshing of the memory contents
(c) reduced pin count and decrease in package size
(d) no requirement for a chip-select input line, thereby reducing the pin count
23. Which of the following RAM timing parameters determine(s) its operating speed?
(a) tacc
(b) taa and tacs
(c) t1 and t3
(d) trc and twc
24. Which of the following best describes static memory devices?
(a) memory devices that are magnetic in nature and do not require constant refreshing
(b) semiconductor memory devices in which stored data is retained as long as power is applied
(c) memory devices that are magnetic in nature and require constant refreshing
(d) semiconductor memory devices in which stored data will not be retained with the power applied unless constantly refreshed
25. A nonvolatile type of memory that can be programmed and erased in sectors, rather than one byte at a time is:
(a) flash memory
(b) EPROM
(c) EEPROM
(d) MPROM
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